Build

Maven

 · 5 mins read

Recently I’ve been doing java project, so in this progress, I ran into some problems and pitfalls. Therefore, I need to go over those maven basic concepts for reinforce my memories and understandings.

Prerequisites

First of all, download maven

open command prompt, input mvn --version to see if the installation is successful.

note: Java should be installed first, and both java and maven should be specified in PATH environment variable.

Create a project

standard project structure.

my-app
|-- pom.xml
`-- src
    |-- main
    |   |-- java
    |   |   `-- com
    |   |       `-- mycompany
    |   |           `-- app
    |   |               `-- App.java
    |   `-- resources
    |       `-- META-INF
    |           `-- application.properties
    `-- test
        `-- java
            `-- com
                `-- mycompany
                    `-- app
                        `-- AppTest.java

The pom.xml file is the core of a project’s configuration in Maven. It is a single configuration file that contains the majority of information required to build a project in just the way you want. The POM is huge and can be daunting in its complexity, but it is not necessary to understand all of the intricacies just yet to use it effectively.

Maven Phases

Although hardly a comprehensive list, these are the most common default lifecycle phases executed.

  • validate: validate the project is correct and all necessary information is available
  • compile: compile the source code of the project
  • test: test the compiled source code using a suitable unit testing framework. These tests should not require the code be packaged or deployed
  • package: take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR.
  • integration-test: process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run
  • verify: run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria
  • install: install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally
  • deploy: done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

There are two other Maven lifecycles of note beyond the default list above. They are

  • clean: cleans up artifacts created by prior builds

  • site: generates site documentation for this project

    Phases are actually mapped to underlying goals. The specific goals executed per phase is dependant upon the packaging type of the project. For example, package executes jar:jar if the project type is a JAR, and war:war if the project type is – you guessed it – a WAR.

Package and Install

Making a JAR file is straight forward enough and can be accomplished by executing the following command: mvn package . You can now take a look in the ${basedir}/target directory and you will see the generated JAR file.

Now you’ll want to install the artifact you’ve generated (the JAR file) in your local repository (${user.home}/.m2/repository is the default location). To do so execute the following command: mvn install

What is a SNAPSHOT version？

Notice the value of the version tag in the pom.xml file shown below has the suffix: -SNAPSHOT.

<groupId>...</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  ...
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>Maven Quick Start Archetype</name>
 ```

The SNAPSHOT value refers to the 'latest' code along a development branch, and provides no guarantee the code is stable or unchanging. Conversely, the code in a 'release' version (any version value without the suffix SNAPSHOT) is unchanging.

During the release process, a version of **x.y-SNAPSHOT** changes to **x.y**. 

## Dependencies

```xml
  <dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
      <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

There are 6 scopes available:

  • compile
  • provided
  • runtime
  • test
  • system
  • import

I wanna talk about System Dependencies.

This scope is similar to provided except that you have to provide the JAR which contains it explicitly. The artifact is always available and is not looked up in a repository.

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.sql</groupId>
      <artifactId>jdbc-stdext</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>system</scope>
      <systemPath>${java.home}/lib/rt.jar</systemPath>
    </dependency>

Plugins

Plugins are artifacts that provide goals to Maven. Furthermore, a plugin may have one or more goals wherein each goal represents a capability of that plugin. For example, the Compiler plugin has two goals: compile and testCompile. The former compiles the source code of your main code, while the latter compiles the source code of your test code.

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>3.3</version>
      <configuration>
        <source>1.5</source>
        <target>1.5</target>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

You’ll notice that all plugins in Maven look much like a dependency – and in some ways they are. This plugin will be automatically downloaded and used – including a specific version if you request it (the default is to use the latest available).

Super POM

The Super POM is Maven’s default POM. All POMs extend the Super POM unless explicitly set, meaning the configuration specified in the Super POM is inherited by the POMs you created for your projects.

The snippet below is the Super POM for Maven 2.1.x.

Just for reference

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <name>Maven Default Project</name>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>

  <build>
    <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
    <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <!-- TODO: MNG-3731 maven-plugin-tools-api < 2.4.4 expect this to be relative... -->
    <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
   <pluginManagement>
       <plugins>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>1.3</version>
         </plugin>       
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2-beta-2</version>
         </plugin>         
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.5</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>        
         <plugin>                
           <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-8</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>                
           <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-7</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.4</version>
         </plugin>         
         <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1-alpha-2</version>
         </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
  </build>

  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>release-profile</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>performRelease</name>
          <value>true</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
  </profiles>

</project>

1.Maven